Shearing machine



De.17,19as. RT. HMI-MON @2,024,287

SHEARING MACHINE Filed yMay 4, 193s s sheets-sheet `1 INVENTQRl M I i new "Jg/W I I ATTORNEYS.

Dec. 17, 1935. R, T, HAZELTQN v 2,024,287

SHEARING MACHINE Filed May 4, 1935 3 Sheta-fos-Sheec,y 2

ATTORNEYS.

Dec. 17,-71935. R', T HZELTO'N l 2,024,287

SHEARING MACHINE Filed May 4, 1955 sheets-shed 5 4l 7 l Siri-*L ykl l 37h fr /f/y/ 5l/l 5 o l 3 l '/,ll i qll; 0

l l l a I ATTORNEYS.

Prasad Dean, 193s UNITED STATES Robert T. mmm, cincinnati, ohio, miglior to The Cincinnati Shaper Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application May 4, 193s, serial No. 669,399

' 7 Claims.

My invention relates to shears of a type in which there is a stationary shear knife and a movable shear knife attached to a ram which is actuated by pitmen. Hitherto it has been impracticable to use shears for certain kinds of" slitting operations, because if the knives pass each other at the end of a stroke the piece will be notched or split at the end of the cut, which makes it impossible to do clean, continuous slitting. It is possible to do clean, continuous slitting if the movable knife is made adjustable at least as to the position of its stroke, so that a the end of the stroke there will be a portion of cutting edge of the movable knife extending Vabove the fixed knife. In this way notchingmay be prevented, and a splitting of the piece, as will hereinafter be explained. Under some circumstances a notching of the piece is desirable, but this again calls for a very careful adjustment of the position of the stroke. My invention is addressed to means for securing such adjustability in the position of the stroke of shear knives, and the general and specic objects thereof will be pointed out hereinafter or will be apparent to one skilled in the art upon reading these specifications. y

Reference is now made to the drawings, where'l Figure 1 is an elevational view with parts in section of an exemplary shear embodying my invention.

Figure 2 is a sectional view of a portion of the adjustment device.

Figure 3 is a view'of another portion of the adjustment device.

Figure 4 is a sectional view of a simpler form of adjustment device.

Figure 5 is a sectional view of a housing member employed in connection with the device shown in Figure 1. j

' Figures 6 and 7 are views in section and end elevation respectively, of the clamping device employed in the embodiment of Figure 1.

Figure 8. shows the eccentricity of the eccentric pin, andFigure 9 shows the pin in plan, meshing with a pinion on the controlling shaft.

Figure 10 shows a clean slitting cut.

Figure 10a shows the relative positions of the knives of the end of said cut.

Figure 11 shows a notched slitting cut. Y Figure 11a shows the knives at the end of the cut of Fig. 11.

1 Figure 12 shows a split slitting cut.

-Figure 12a shows the knives-at the end of the cut of Fis. 12.

Figure 13 shows one of the pitmen.

Figure 14 indicates the housing of one of the controlling devices mounted upon the ram.

In making the ordinary shearing cut, lthe knives pass each other so as completely to sever 5 the piece, unless the piece extends out beyond the ends of the knives. If an attempt is made to use a shear so adjusted in a slitting operation,

a cut -is made like that indicated in Figure 12 in the piece I, where 2 indicates a slitting cut, 10 and 3 indicates a split at right angles, or a deformation produced in the piece at right angles to the slitting cut. Obviously this split precludes the production of two perfect pieces from the piece I. If the knives are so adjusted that 15 the cutting edges thereof do not pass through--y out their entire length, then a cut is produced like that shown in Figure l1 in the piece I, where 4 indicates a notch at right angles to the line of slitting cut. Under some circumstances, such 20 a notching of the piece is desirable, particularly if such a notch denotes the point at which the portion is to be cut off in Figure 11. However, in many instances continuous slitting is desirable, the purpose being to sever a piece longer than the cutting edges, respectively, of the knives into two pieces by dividing it longitudinally. Under such circumstances a clean slit like that shown in Figure 10 is desirable, where in the piece I there is merely the slitting cut 2'without 30 either a notch or a split. The piece I in Figure 10 may be advanced longitudinally of the knife and subjected to further slitting operations, making therein a clean and continuous cut. It is an obvious fundamental object of my invention to provide in power operated shears a means for adjusting the position of the stroke so as toproduce any desired type of lcut in the metal piece, and still more specifically to provide a shear` which may be selectively used to produce a. severing out, or any type of slitting cut indicated herein. Y

I have shown in Figure lv a shear in which a frame member is indicated at E. The shear table is shown at 1, bearing the stationary knife 8. 45 A movable knife 9 is mounted ona ram I0, which moves against machined guiding surfaces II on the frame member 6. Pitmen are provided, indicated at 1a, and shown in detail in Figure 13. These pitmen have a machined orifice I2 to fit 50 over the usual eccentric on the main driving shaft I3. The pitmenalso have a machined oriflce I4 to fit over a pin attached to thel ram I0.

It will be understood that suitable bearings are employed, and also that as the pitmen are drawn 55 downwardly they move the ram I downwardly. The ram may have attached to it brackets I5,

' .supporting a back gauge mechanism with parts indicated generally at I6. In 'order to keep the ram back tightly against the machined guide surfaces I I a spring device indicated generally at I1 may he provided attached to the frame of the device, and provided 'with a tensioned rod I8 at-l tached to the brackets I5. 'This also furnishes the counterbalance for the ram.

My invention contemplates adjusting the stroke of thev ram I0 by varying the position of the center of engagement of the ram and the pitmen, and to` this end I have provided a pin for each pitman, journaled o n the ram and having a portion which is eccentric.. that portion -being-the part which is engaged by the pitman.

In the simplest form of my device shown inv Flgure4, these pins are part oi a shaft'IS, provided with shoulders, or the like 20, whereby the shaft may be engaged by a wrench and turned. The shaft I9 is continuous-across the top of the ram, and provides for the simultaneous adjustis eccentric. The end of the'pin 2I is attened as at 21 and 28', and may therefore be adjusted to two -positions indicated by suitable indicia 29 on a visible portion of the pin 2|.

device is arranged to be held against the at- A clamping tened portion of the pin by means o f a nut and stud 3|. By loosening this nut, the shaft I9 may be engaged at its portion 20 by a wrench, rotated a half turn and clamped in its new position. While Figure 4 indicates the pin and associated construction upon one end of the shaft I9, it will be understood that for the other pitman, orA for any number of pitmen by which the ram is engaged, there will be pins which are the countertwo positions of the shaft .I9 called up andv down. In the "up" position, the position 1o! the stroke of the ram is so adjusted that the knives of the shear pass each other throughout lpart only of their length. In the down position,

the stroke is such that the knives pass each other throughout their length, i. e. the stroke `is the normal shearing stroke.

With respect to the two positions aforesaid, the two alternative centers forthe point of application of; the pull to the ram are directly in line `with the direction of pull applied to the ram by the pitman. So long as this condition obtains, the clamping means shownin Figure 4 are adequate to maintain theeccentric of the pin 2| in a fixed position with respect to the ram. Where greater adjustability is desired, a different construction -is preferable, since the expedient of flattening the end portion of the pin 2| gives only a limited range of adjustability, and if greater adjustabilityis desired, would not provide a satisfactorily rigid construction. Moreover, while I have shown inFigure 4, the shaft respect I9 as passing over the top of the ram, in the larger shears the ram has to be crowned to make it rigid, a portion of which crown is shown at Illa in Figure 14. This crown in many instances would prevent the passage of the shaft I9 directly -pin indicated at 2Ia, journaled in a housing 32,

bolted as at 33 to the ram'I. vThe eccentric portion of the pin is indicated at 26a, and ,is shown engaging the pitman 1a. A portion 34 of the pin is provided with gear teeth. The pin may be rotated by a gear, hereinafter to be described,

engaging these teeth; and the pin may be held 00v in whatever position is selectively chosen, by.

means of a clamping member 35 held by'a nut and stud 36', and provided in its portion 31 with teeth to engage the teeth of the gear 34 on the pin. This clamping member is shown in greater g1 detail in Figures 6 and', where'like parts are indicated by like numerals, and the teeth on the clamping member are indicated at 31a. The clamping member may be provided with a coil spring 38, which will tend to raise it out of engagement with thegear 34 when the nut 36 is loosened. It will beclear that this construction permits the adjustment of the pin 2Ia to a plurality of positions, and the positive clamping of the pin in any one of these positions by. means of themember 35. The number of such positions will be determined-by half the number of teethon the gear member 3l, since this member makes hut half a revolution for the whole cycle of adjustment. By this arrangementI secure a construction which is Arigid against strains, even when the center of engagement of the" pitman and thefram lies to oneside of a line representing theldirection ofpull of the pitman on the ram. The pin is shown in detail in Figures 8 and 9, where like indicia indicate like parts. The toothed portion 34a not only is used for clamping purposes. but is used in rotating the pins by means of a gear 39, Awhichis non-rotatably attached to the shaft I9a. By reasonof this.ar. rangement of parts, the shaft lila` may be offset from the facel of the ram so as to pass the crown I thereon. I have shown in Figure 3 the shaft I9a bearing a portion 20a for engagement by a wrench, and also bearing the pinion 39 which meshes with the portion 34 of the pin. The shaft' I9a is mounted in a housingrmember 40, v which is preferably out away as shown at 4I' in Figure 14 to expose a portion of a collar42 on the gear 39,`which may be .provided with indicia-43 to indicate, in conjunction with a zero line 44 on the housing 40, the position of the pins, and hence theadjustment of the shear stroke.

In this way I have provided for the positive and substantially continuous adiustmentof the stroke of a shearV to provide for a number of different operations. I have provided also for the concurrent adjustment of all pointsvv of engagement of theram' with any oi the pitmen. It will be obvious that modifications may be made in `'i0 my invention without departing from the spirit` thereof.

Having thus described my' invention, what I 1. In a power shear having a xed knife, the combination of a ram bearing a movable knife, pitmen for actuating said ram, and means 'for adjusting the position of the stroke of said ram, said means comprising eccentric members attached to said ram and engaged by said pitmen respectively, and concurrently acting means for rotating said eccentric members to vary the position of the center of attachment of said pitmen to said ram, said concurrently acting means comprising a separately mounted shaft offset from said eccentric member and having a driving connection therewith. y

2. In a power shear having a xed knife, the combination of a ram bearing a movable knife,

pitmen for actuating said ram, means for adjusting the position of the stroke of said ram, said means comprising eccentric members attached to said ram and engaged by said pitmen respectively, concurrently acting means for rotating said eccentric members to vary the position of the center of attachment of said pitmen to said ram, said means comprising a shaft arranged to rotate all of said eccentric members, and means for positively and directly retaining said eccentric members in a plurality of positions selectively.

3. In a shear having a ram and pitmen, means for adjusting the position of the stroke of said ram comprising a plurality of pins journaled on said ram and having eccentric portions for engagement with said pitmen, a portion of each of said pins being provided with gear teeth, and non-rotating clamping means also provided with gear teeth for engagement with said first mentioned teeth for clamping said pins ixedly in a plurality of selected positions.

4. In a shear having a ram and pitmen, means for adjusting the position of the stroke of said ram comprising a plurality of pins journaled on said ram and having eccentric portions for engagementwith said pitmen, a portion of each of said pins being provided with gearteeth, clamping means also provided with gear teeth for engagement with said first mentioned teeth for clamping said pins fixedly in a plurality of selected positions, a shaft common to said pins and provided with pinions for meshing with the toothed portions of each' of said pins, and means 5 whereby said shaft may be rotated to rotate all of said pins in unison.

l5. In a shear having a ram and pitmen, means for adjusting the position of the stroke of said ram comprising a plurality of pins journaled on said ram and having eccentric portions for engagement with said pitmen, a portion of each of said pins being provided with gear teeth, clamping means also provided with gear teeth for engagement` with said iirs't mentioned teeth for 15 clamping said pins fixedly in a plurality of selected positions, a 'shaft common to said pins and provided with pinions for meshing with the toothed portions of each of said pins, means whereby said shaft may be rotated to rotate all 2o of said pins in unison, and indicating means for indicating the position of said pins;

6. In a shear having a ram and pitmen, means for varying the position of the stroke of said ram,

comprising arpiuralityof pins journaled on said ram land having eccentric portions for engagement withvsaid pitmen, and a common shaft having a driving connection with all of said pins located in a position offset from the face of said ram,- and means for clamping said pins in a plurality of selective positions.

7. In a shear having a fixed knife, a ram, a movable knife attached to said ram and pitmen for operating said ram, means for adjusting the position of the stroke of said ram to produce selectively a severing cut or a slitting out, said means comprising means for varying th'e center of engagement of said pitmen and said ram to different positions for each of said types of cut, said adjustment being such that in each of said 40 positions the centers of engagement of said pitmen and said ram coincide with a line representlng the direction of pull of said pitmen.

` ROBERTT. HAZELTON. 

